https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2019.1924
Presence and identification of Legionella and Aeromonas spp. in the Great Masurian Lakes system in the context of eutrophication
Legionella and Aeromonas spp. in the Great Masurian Lakes system
Submitted: 30 June 2019
Accepted: 24 October 2019
Published: 26 November 2019
Accepted: 24 October 2019
Abstract Views: 1114
PDF: 476
Supplementary: 122
HTML: 11
Supplementary: 122
HTML: 11
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Growing anthropopressure over the last several decades has resulted in rapid progressive eutrophication of the Great Masurian Lakes (GML) system located in northeastern Poland. In our studies, we investigated whether there is a relationship between the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria: Legionella spp. and Aeromonas spp., not explored so far in the waters of GML system, and the trophic status of the studied lakes. The GML system of glacial origin includes lakes connected by natural and artificial channels, and it extends from north to south for approximately 100 kilometers. Water samples were taken during the summer, subsequently spring and autumn seasons from 15 lakes in land-water ecotones. At all sampling sites, basic in situ measurements of physicochemical parameters were recorded. The amounts of chlorophyll a, nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon were also measured. The trophic state index (TSI) of the sampling sites was also estimated. The real-time PCR technique enabled the determination of the presence and abundance of Legionella spp. and Aeromonas spp. The results clearly showed that several environmental water quality parameters, associated with eutrophication, and among them: nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll, ammonium concentration, conductivity, turbidity, water transparency, highly affected the presence and abundance of the detected pathogenic bacteria in the studied lakes. Special attention should be paid to the high impact of water eutrophication on the number of pathogenic microorganisms, which result both from human activities in lakes and climate change.
Ahmed T, Scholz M, Al-Faraj F, 2016. Water-related impacts of climate change on agriculture and subsequently on public health: a review for generalists with particular reference to Pakistan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 13:1051.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111051
Amaro F, Wang W, Gilbert JA, Anderson OR, Shuman HA, 2015. Diverse protist grazers select for virulence-related traits in Legionella. ISME J. 9:1607-1618.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.248
Anza I, Vidal D, Laguna C, Diáz-Sánchez S, Sánchez S, Chicote A, Florin M, Mateo R, 2014. Eutrophication and bacterial pathogens as risk factors for avian botulism outbreaks in wetlands receiving effluents from urban wastewater treatment plants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 80:4251-4259.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00949-14
Arnone RD and Walling JP, 2007. Waterborne pathogen in Urban Watershed. J. Water Health 5:149-162.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2006.001
Arrar EJ and Collins GB 1997. Method 445.0. In vitro determination of chlorophyll a and phenophytin a in marine and freshwater algae by fluorescence. National Exposure Research Laboratory. Office of Research and Development. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Barna Z, Kàdàr M, Kàlmàn E, Scheirich Szax A, Vargha M, 2015. Prevalence of Legionella in premise plumbing in Hungary. Water Res. 90:71-78.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.004
Batra P, Mathur P, Misra MC, 2016. Aeromonas spp.: an emerging nosocomial pathogen. J. Lab. Physicians. 8:1-4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.176234
Beaz-Hidalgo R, Alperi A, Buján N, Romalde JL, Figueras MJ, 2010. Comparison of phenotypical and genetic identification of Aeromonas strains isolated from diseased fish. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 33:149-153.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2010.02.002
Binder S, Levitt AM, Sacks JJ, Hughes JM, 1999. Emerging infectious diseases: public health issues for the 21st Century. Science 284:1311-1313.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5418.1311
Borella P, Guerrieri E, Marchesi I, Bondi M, Messi P, 2005. Water ecology of Legionella and protozoan: environmental and public health perspectives. Biotechnol. Annu. Rev. 11:355-380.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-2656(05)11011-4
Carlson RE, 1977. A trophic state index for lakes. Limnology and Oceanography. 22:361-369.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1977.22.2.0361
Cavicchioli R, Ripple W, Timmis KN, Azam F, Bakken LR, Baylis M, Behrenfeld MJ, Boetius A, Boyd PW, Classen AT, Crowther TW, Danovaro R, Foreman CM, Huisman J, Hutchins DA, Jansson JK, Karl DM, Koskella B, Mark Welch DB, Martiny JBH, Moran MA, Orphan VJ, Reay DS, Remais JV, Rich VI, Singh BK, Stein LY, Stewart FJ, Sullivan MB, van Oppen MJH, Weaver SC, Webb EA, Webster NS, 2019. Scientists' warning to humanity: microorganisms and climate change. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 17:569-586.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-019-0222-5
Cho JC, Giovannoni SJ, 2004. Cultivation and growth characteristics of a diverse group of oligotrophic marine Gammaproteobacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:432-440.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.1.432-440.2004
Cho KH, Pachepsky YA, Oliver DM, Muirhead RW, Park Y, Quilliam RS, Shelton DR, 2016. Modeling fate and transport of fecally-derived microorganisms at the watershed scale: State of the science and future opportunities. Water Res. 100:38-56.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.064
Chróst RJ, Siuda W, 2006. Microbial production, utilization, and enzymatic degradation of organic matter in the upper trophogenic layer in the pelagial zone of lakes along a eutrophication gradient. Limol. Oceanogr. 51:749-762.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.1_part_2.0749
Colwell RR, 2000. Viable but non-culturable bacteria: a survival strategy. J. Infect. Chemother. 6:121-125.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00012151
Correll DL, 1999. Phosphorus: a rate limiting nutrient in surface waters. Poult. Sci. 78:674-682.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.5.674
Devos L, Boon N, Verstraete W, 2005. Legionella pneumophila in the environment: the occurrence of a fastidious bacterium in oligotrophic conditions. Rev. Environ. Sci. and Biotechnol. 4:61-74.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-004-8174-1
Dimitriadi D and Velonakis E, 2014. Detection of Legionella spp from domestic water in the prefecture of Arta, Greece. J. Pathog. 2014:407385.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/407385
Dorner SM, Anderson WB, Slawson RM, Kouwen N, Huck PM, 2006. Hydrologic modeling of pathogen fate and transport. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40:4746-4753.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es060426z
Dupont S, Carre-Mlouka A, Domart-Coulon I, Vacalet J, Bourguet-Kondracki ML, 2014. Exploring cultivable Bacteria from the prokaryotic community associated with the carnivorous sponge Asbestopluma hypogea. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 88:160-174.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12279
Edagawa A, Kimura A, Kawabuchi-Kurata T, Adachi S, Furuhata K, Miyamoto H, 2015. Investigation of Legionella contamination in Bath water samples by culture, amoebic co-culture and real-time quantitative PCR methods. Int. J. Environm. Res. Public Health. 12:13118-13130. Doi: 10.3390/ijerph121013118.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121013118
Garner E. McLain J, Bowers J, Engelthaler DM, Edwards MA, 2018. Microbial ecology and water chemistry impact regrowth of opportunistic pathogens in full-scale reclaimed water distribution systems. Environ. Sci. Technol. 52:9056-9068.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02818
Gieysztor M, Odechowska Z, 1958. Observations on the thermal and chemical properties of Mazurian lakes in the Giżycko region. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii 4:123-152.
Holmes RM, Aminot A, Kérouel R, Hooker BA, Peterson BJ, 1999. A Simple and precise metod for measuring ammonium in Marine and freshwater ecosystem. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56:1801-1808.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/f99-128
Janda JM and Abbot SL, 2010. The genus Aeromonas: taxonomy, pathogenicity and infection. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 23:35-73.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00039-09
Jin D, Kong X, Cui B, Jin S, Xie Y, Wang X, Deng Y, 2018. Bacterial communities and potential waterborne pathogens within the typical urban surface waters. Sci. Rep. 8:13368.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31706-w
Johnson PTJ, Carpenter SR, 2008. Influence of eutrophication on disease in aquatic ecosystems: patterns, processes and predictions, p. 71-99. In: R. Ostfeld (ed.), Infectious disease ecology: Effects of ecosystems on disease and of disease on ecosystems. Princeton University Press.
Jones T, Gill CO, McMullen LM, 2004. The behaviour of log phase Escherichia coli at temperatures that fluctuate about the minimum for growth. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 39:296-300.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2004.01593.x
Jung AV, Le Cann P, Roig B, Thomas O, Baurès E, Thomas MF, 2014. Microbial contamination detection in water resources: interest of current optical methods, trend and need in the context of climate change. Int. J. Environ. Public Health 11:4292-4310.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110404292
Kajak Z, Ławacz W, Wiśniewski RJ, Rybak IJ, and Dusoge K, 1975. Ecosystem of the Mikołajskie Lake: The fate of organic matter of the profundal zone. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii 22:89-99.
Kauppinen E, 2013. Trophic state of the Great Masurian Lakes system in the past, present and future - causes, mechanisms and effects of changes. PhD Thesis, University of Warsaw. Available at: https://depotuw.ceon.pl/bitstream/handle/item/467/Elsi%20Kauppinen%20 thesis.pdf?sequence=1.
Khan IU, Loughborough A, Edge TA. 2009.DNA-based real-time detection and quantification of aeromonads from fresh water beaches on Lake Ontario. J. Water Health. 7:312-323.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.041
Koroleff FI, 1983. Determination of phosphorus, p. 125-139. In: K. Grasshoff, M. Ehrhardt and K. Kremling (eds.), Methods in seawater analysis. Verlag-Chemie, Weinheim.
Králová S, Staňková E, Sedláček I, 2016. Classification of Aeromonas spp. isolated from water and clinical sources and distribution of virulence genes. Folia Microbiol. 61:513-521.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-016-0464-9
Leoni B, Patelli M, Soler V, Nava V, 2018. Ammonium transformation in 14 lakes along a trophic gradient. Water 10:265.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w10030265
Levy K, Woster AP, Goldstein RS, Carlton EJ, 2016. Untangling the impacts of climate change on waterborne diseases: A systematic review of relationships between diarrheal diseases and temperature, rainfall, flooding, and drought. Environ. Sci. Technol. 50:4905-4922.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b06186
Lizana X, López A, Benito S.Augistí G, Ríos M, Piqué N, Marqués AM, Codony F, 2017. Viability qPCR, a new tool for Legionella risk management. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. 220:1318-1324.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.08.007
Martino ME, Fasolato L, Montemurro F, Novelli E, Cardazzo B, 2014. Aeromonas spp.: ubiquitous or specialized bugs? Environ. Microbiol. 16:1005-1018.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12215
Mujere N, Moyce W, 2016. Climate change impacts on surface water quality, p. 322-340. In: W. Ganpat and W-A. Isaac (eds.), Environmental sustainability and climate change. Adaptation strategies. Information Science Reference, Hershey.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1607-1.ch012
Nadkarni MA, Martin FE, Jacques NA, Hunter N, 2002. Determination of bacterial load by real-time PCR using a broad-range (universal) probe and primers set. Microbiology 148:257-266.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-148-1-257
Nazari-Sharabian M, Ahmad S, Karakouzian M, 2018. Climate change and eutrophication: a short review. Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res. 8:3668-2672.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2392
Nguyen ML, Yu VL, 1991. Legionella infection. Clin. Chest. Med. 12:257-268.
Ozimek T, Kowalczewski A, 1984. Long-term changes of the submerged macrophytes in eutrophic Lake Mikołajskie (North Poland). Aquatic Botany 19:1-11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(84)90002-0
Pandey PK, Kass PH, Soupir ML, Biswas S, Singh VP, 2014. Contamination of water resources by pathogenic bacteria. AMB Express 4:51.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-014-0051-x
Pasqualina L, Gambuzza ME, Delia S, 2017. Legionella risk assessment in cruise chips and ferries. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 24:276-282.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/74717
Petrucio MM, Medeiros AO, Rosa CA, Barbosa FAR, 2005. Trophic state and microorganisms community of major sub-basins of the middle Rio Doce basin, southeast Brazil. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 48:625-633.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132005000500015
Richards AM, Von Dwingelo JE, Price CT, Kwaik YA, 2014. Cellular microbiology and molecular ecology of Legionella-amoeba interaction. Virulence 4:307-314.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4161/viru.24290
Sebastião F, Lemos EG, and Pilarski F, 2018. Development of an absolute quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for the diagnosis of Aeromonas hydrophila infections in fish. ActaSci. Microbiol. 1:23-29.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31080/ASMI.2018.01.0034
Siuda W, Grabowska K, Kaliński T, Kiersztyn B, Chróst RJ, 2020. Trophic state, eutrophication and the threats for water quality of the Great Mazurian Lakes System, p. 231-260. In: E. Korzeniewska and M. Harnisz (eds.), Polish River Basins and Lakes - Part I. Hydrology and Hydrochemistry. Springer, Cham.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12123-5_12
Siuda W, Kiersztyn B, 2014. Urea in lake ecosystem: the origin, concentration and distribution in relation to trophic state of the Great Masurian Lakes (Poland). Pol. J. Ecol. 63:110-123.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3161/15052249PJE2015.63.1.010
Smith VH and Schindler DW, 2009. Eutrophication science: where do we go from here? Trends Ecol. Evol. 24:201-207.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2008.11.009
Smith VH, Tilman GD, Nekola JC, 1999. Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Environ. Pollut. 100:179-196.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00091-3
Wacnik A, 2009. From foraging to farming in the Great Mazurian Lake District: palynological studies on Lake Miłkowskie sediments, northeast Poland. Veget. Hist. Archaeobot. 18:187-203.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-008-0196-0
WHO, 2016. The situation of water-related infectious diseases in the pan-European region.
Wołos A, Zdanowski B, Wierzchowska M, 2009. Long-term changes in commercial fish catches in Lake Mamry Północne (northeastern Poland) on the background of physical, chemical and biological data. Arch. Pol. Fish. 17:195-210.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10086-009-0011-2
Edited by
Andrea Di Cesare, CNR-IRSA Verbania, ItalySupporting Agencies
National Science Centre in PolandHow to Cite
Grabowska, Karolina, Aleksandra Bukowska, Tomasz Kaliński, Bartosz Kiersztyn, Waldemar Siuda, and Ryszard J. Chróst. 2019. “Presence and Identification of <i>Legionella< i> and <i>Aeromonas< i> Spp. in the Great Masurian Lakes System in the Context of Eutrophication: Legionella and Aeromonas Spp. In the Great Masurian Lakes System”. Journal of Limnology 79 (1). https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2019.1924.
Similar Articles
- Baoli Wang, Cong-Qiang Liu, Fushun Wang, Benjamin Chetelat, Stephen C. Maberly, Diatoms modify the relationship between dissolved silicon and bicarbonate in the impounded rivers , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 72 No. 3 (2013)
- Fiorenza G. MARGARITORA, Marcello BAZZANTI, Ornella FERRARA, Luciana MASTRANTUONO, Marco SEMINARA, Daria VAGAGGINI, Classification of the ecological status of volcanic lakes in Central Italy , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 62 No. s1 (2003): Residence Time in Lakes: Science, Management, Education
- Willemijntje E. PENNING, Rob UITTENBOGAARD, Maarten OUBOTER, Ellen VAN DONK, Local deepening of large shallow peat lakes: a measure to improve their ecological status , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 69 No. 1 (2010)
- Marina MANCA, Patrick MARTIN, Dinora Carolina PEÑALVA-ARANA, John A.H. BENZIE, Re-description of Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) from lakes in the Khumbu Region, Nepalese Himalayas, with the erection of a new species, Daphnia himalaya, and a note on an intersex individual , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 65 No. 2 (2006)
- Pedro M. SÁNCHEZ-CASTILLO, Eduardo J. LINARES-CUESTA, D. FERNÁNDEZ-MORENO, Changes in epilithic diatom assemblages in a Mediterranean high mountain lake (Laguna de La Caldera, Sierra Nevada, Spain) after a period of drought , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 67 No. 1 (2008)
- Kenneth H. NICHOLLS, Claudiu TUDORANCEA, Species-level and community-level data analyses reveal spatial differences and temporal change in the crustacean zooplankton of a large Canadian lake (Lake Simcoe, Ontario) , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 60 No. 2 (2001)
- Liisa NEVALAINEN, Tomi P. LUOTO, Suzanne LEVINE, Marina MANCA, Paleolimnological evidence for increased sexual reproduction in chydorids (Chydoridae, Cladocera) under environmental stress , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 70 No. 2 (2011)
- Walter Ambrosetti, Luigi Barbanti, Angelo Rolla, Leonardo Castellano, Nicoletta Sala, Hydraulic paths and estimation of the real residence time of the water in Lago Maggiore (N. Italy): application of massless markers transported in 3D motion fields , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 71 No. 1 (2012)
- Boudjéma SAMRAOUI, Khemissa CHAKRI, Farrah SAMRAOUI, Large branchiopods (Branchiopoda: Anostraca, Notostraca and Spinicaudata) from the salt lakes of Algeria , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 65 No. 2 (2006)
- Marina MANCA, Fiorenza G. MARGARITORA, Unusual median pores of Alona head shields recovered from recent and pre-industrial sediments of Alpine lakes , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 67 No. 1 (2008)
<< < 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
List of Cited By :
