https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2022.2061
A review of anthropogenic stressors on Lake Sevan, Armenia
Submitted: 17 October 2021
Accepted: 7 May 2022
Published: 4 August 2022
Accepted: 7 May 2022
Abstract Views: 992
PDF: 383
HTML: 47
HTML: 47
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
The resilience of natural systems may be severely compromised by anthropogenic influences. In this paper, the principal anthropogenic influences on the ecosystem of the Armenian highland lake Sevan during the past century are identified. The diversity and severity of the pressures were influenced by national priorities and the catchment's growth. Changes in the lake's morphometry and the littoral's morphology, as well as unsustainable usage of the lake's fish resources, were among the repercussions. They are discussed depending on how each sort of disturbance affects the ecosystem. Although the timing and degree of each stressor were specified, identifying the direct effects of each stressor was often challenging. The current management decisions and future threats to the lake's ecosystem are discussed. This article describes the history of the anthropogenic change of Lake Sevan and, using it as an example, assesses the ecological footprint of people on natural resources and their repercussions.
Azevedo PA, Podemski CL, Hesslein RH, Kasian SEM, Findlay DI, Nureau DP, 2011. Estimation of waste outputs by a rainbow trout cage farm using a nutritional approach and monitoring of lake water quality. Aquaculture 311:175-186.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.12.001
Bernhardt H, 1978. [Phosphor, Wege und Verbleib in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland].[Article in German]. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim.
Brooks J, Dodson S, 1965. Predation, body size, and composition of plankton. Science 150:28-35.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.150.3692.28
Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat, 2015. Freshwater cage aquaculture: ecosystems impacts from dissolved and particulate waste phosphorus. Sci. Advisory Rep. 2015/051.
Carpenter S, Kitchell J, Hodgson J, 1985. Cascading trophic interactions and lake oroductivity. BioScience 35:634-639.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1309989
Davtyan AA, 2010. Impact evaluation of flooded forest areas in the eutrophication process of Lake Sevan. Ann. Agr. Sci. 8:31-33.
EUWI+, 2021. Draft River Basin Management Plan for Sevan River Basin District in Armenia. Available from: https://euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/1269-armenia-sevan-river-basin-management-plan-2020-arm?fromsearch=1
Gabrielyan B, Vardanyan, Barseghyan N, Khosrovyan A, 2022. Estimation of the potential wild fish stock biomass to be supported by available food base in Lake. Inland Water Biol. 15:331–340.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S199508292203004X
Gabrielyan BK, 2010. Fishes of Lake Sevan. Gitutyun, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan: 252 pp.
Gevorgyan G, Rinke K, Schultze M, Mamyan A, Kuzmin A, Belykh O, Sorokovikova E, Hayrapetyan A, Hovsepyan A, Khachikyan T, Aghayan S, Fedorova G, Krasnopeev A, Potapov S, Tikhonova I, 2020. First report about toxic cyanobacterial bloom occurrence in Lake Sevan, Armenia. Intern. Rev. Hydrobiol. 105:131–142.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.202002060
Gezalyan M, 1979. Temperature regime of Lake Sevan related to the lowering of the water level. Ecology of hydrobionts of Lake Sevan. National Academy of Sciences of Armenia.
Hambaryan PP, 1979. [Distribution of macrophytes of Lake Sevan. Protocols of the Sevan hydrobiological station].[Article in Russian]. National Academy of Sciences of Armenia 17:123-129.
Hambaryan LR, Stepanyan LG, Mikaelyan MV, Gyurjyan QG, 2020. The bloom and toxicity of cyanobacteria in Lake Sevan. Proceedings of the Yerevan State University - Chemistry and Biology 54:168–176.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46991/PYSU:B/2020.54.2.168
Herdendorf CE, 1982. Large lakes of the world. J. Great Lakes Res. 8:379-412.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(82)71982-3
Hovhanissian RH, 1994. Lake Sevan Yesterday, today, tomorrow, Gitutun Yerevan. Yerevan: 479 pp.
Hovhanissian RH, Gabrielian BK, 2000. Ecological problems associated with biological resource use of Lake Sevan, Armenia. Ecol. Eng. 16:175-180.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(00)00102-6
Hülsmann S, Rinke K, Mooij WM, 2005. A quantitative test of the size efficiency hypothesis by means of a physiologically structured model. Oikos.110:43-54.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13341.x
Karakhanian A, Tozalakyan P, Grillot JC, Philip H, Melkonyan D, Paronyan P, Arakelyan S, 2001. Tectonic impact on the Lake Sevan environment (Armenia). Environ. Geol. 40:279-288.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540000216
Krylov AV, Hakobyan S, Nikoghosyan AA, Hayrapetyan AH, 2010. [Zooplankton of Lake Sevan and its tributaries], p. 168-200. In: A.V. Krylov (ed.). [Ecology of Lake Sevan during the period of water level rise].[Book in Russian]. Nauka DNC, Makhachkala.
Krylov AV, Hayrapetyan AO, Bolotov SE, Gerasimov YV, Malin MI, Kosolapov DB, Hovsepyan AA, 2016. Changes in autumn zooplankton in the pelagic zone of Lake Sevan (Armenia) during the increase in fish abundance. Inland Water Biol. 9:142–149
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082916020097
Krylov AV, Hayrapetyan AH, Nikoghosyan AA, Bolotov SE, 2016a. [Zooplankton], p. 109-113. In: A.V. Krylov (ed.). [Lake Sevan. Ecological state during the period of water level change].[Book in Russian]. Filigran, Yaroslavel.
Krylov AV, Hayrapetyan AH, Nikoghosyan AA, Bolotov SE, Hakobyan SH, Kosolapov DB, Gerasimov YV, Malin MI, Romanenko AV, Gabrielyan BK, 2016b. [Changes of Lake Sevan ecosystem and the features of structure of main elements of its biota during the period of water level rise], p. 253-273. In: A.V. Krylov (ed.). [Lake Sevan. Ecological state during the period of water level change].[Book in Russian]. Filigran, Yaroslavel (in Russian).
Liatti S, 1932. [Hydrochemical study of Lake Sevan].[Book in Russian]. Tiflis, Russian National Library.
Krylov AV, Hayrapetyan AO, Tsvetkov AI, Gerasimov YV, Malin MI, Gabrielyan BK, 2019. Interannual changes in the quantitative parameters and structure of invertebrates in the littoral and pelagic zones of Lake Sevan (Armenia) with fluctuations in meteorological conditions and fish biomass. I. Summer zooplankton. Inland Water Biol. 12:298–305.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082919030088
Krylov AV, Hayrapetyan AO, Kosolapov DB, Sakharova EG, Kosolapova NG, Sabitova RZ, Malin MI, Malina P, Gerasimov YV, Hovsepyan AA, Gambaryan LR, Mamyan AS, Bolotov SE, Tsvetkov AI, Hakobyan SA, Poddubny SA, Gabrielyan BK, 2021. Features of structural changes in the plankton community of an alpine lake with increasing fish density in summer and autumn. Biol. Bull. 48:1272–1283.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359021080161
Krylov AV, Gerasimov YV, Gabrielyan B, Borisenko ES, Hakobyan SA, Nikogosyan AA, Malin MI, Ovsepyan AA, 2013. Zooplankton in Lake Sevan during the period of high water level and low fish density. Inland Water Biol. 6:203-210.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082913030085
Krylov AV, Kosolapov DB, Kosolapova NG, Hovsepyan AA, Gerasimov YV, 2018. The plankton community of Sevan Lake (Armenia) after invasion of Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) magna Straus, 1820. Biol. Bull. 45:505–511.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359018050084
Krylov AV, Romanenko AV, Gerasimov YV, Borisenko ES, Hayrapetyan AH, Ovsepyan AA, Gabrielyan BK, 2015. Distribution of plankton and fish in Lake Sevan (Armenia) during the process of mass growth of cladocerans. Inland Water Biol. 8:54-64.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082915010125
Krylov AV, Sabitova RZ, Hayrapetyan AO, Ovsepyan AA, Gabrielyan BK, 2021. Interannual changes in the spring zooplankton of the pelagic zone of Lake Sevan (Armenia) in the course of increasing fish bomass, Inland Water Biol. 14:113-116.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082921010053
Liatti S, 1933. [Irrigation-related properties of the water of Lake Sevan and River Zangi].[Book in Russian]. Tiflis, Russian National Library.
Legovich N, 1968. [Qualitative changes in the phytoplankton community of Lake Sevan under the water level lowering].[Article in Russian]. Biol. J. Armenia. 21:31-42.
Mailyan R, 1967. [Whitefish of Lake Sevan. Protocols of the Sevan hydrobiological station].[Article in Russian]. National Academy of Sciences of Armenia 15:137-195.
Markosyan A, 1951. [Spread and biomass of Chara and moss species in Lake Sevan. Protocols of the Sevan hydrobiological station].[Article in Russian]. National Academy of Sciences of Armenia 12:29-33.
Meshkova T, 1975. [Regularities in the development of the phytoplankton of Lake Sevan].[Article in Russian]. National Academy of Sciences of Armenia.
Meybeck M, Akopian M, Andreassian V, 1998. What happened to Lake Sevan. SILnews 23. Available from: https://umanitoba.ca/outreach/sil/news/23/sevan.html
Ohle W, 1938. [Zur Vervollkommnung der hydrochemischen Analyse III: Die Phosphorbestimmung].[Article in German]. Angew. Chem. 51:906-911.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19380515103
Parparova R, Parparov A, 1983. Role of phosphorus in the ecosystem of Lake Sevan. Anthropogenic eutrophication of natural waters. Proceedings 3rd All-Union Symposium, p. 178-180.
Parparov A, 1979. [Primary production and chlorophyl “a” content in the phytoplankton of Lake Sevan. Protocols of the Sevan hydrobiological station].[Article in Russian]. National Academy of Sciences of Armenia 17:88-99.
Poddubny SA, 2010. [Hydrophysical characterization of the water column], p. 41-47. In: D.D. Pavlov, S.A. Poddubny, B.K. Gabirleyan and A.V. Krylov (eds.). [Ecology of Lake Sevan during the period of water level rise. The results of Russian-Armenian biological expedition for hydroecological survey of Lake Sevan (Аrmenia) (2005–2009) ].[Book in Russian]. Nauka DNC, Russia.
Republic of Armenia, 2014. Fifth National Report of the Republic of Armenia to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Available from: https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/am/am-nr-05-en.pdf
Sakharova EG, Krylov AV, Sabitova RZ, Tsvetkov AI, Gambaryan LR, Mamyan AS, Gabrielyan BK, Hayrapetyan AH, Khachikyan TG, 2020. Horizontal and vertical distribution of phytoplankton in the alpine Lake Sevan (Armenia) during the summer cyanoprokaryota bloom. Contemp. Probl. Ecol. 13:60–70.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425520010072
Slobodchikov B, 1951. [Hydrochemical regime of Lake Sevan from 1947-1978. Protocols of the Sevan hydrobiological station].[Article in Russian]. National Academy of Sciences of Armenia 12:1-27.
Smoley AI, Pivazyan SA Yujakowa GG, 1985. [The state of fish stock during the period of water level lowering of Lake Sevan and the perspectives of their use. Protocols of the Sevan hydrobiological station].[Article in Russian]. National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, p. 199-244.
USAID, 2017. Climate risk in Armenia: country risk profile. Available from: https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/2017_USAID_Climate%20Change%20Risk%20Profile_Armenia.pdf
Vladimirov VI, 1939. [SeVA Khramulia Varicorhinus capoeta sevangi (Fillipi). Protocols of the Sevan hydrobiological station].[Article in Russian]. National Academy of Sciences of Armenia 7:57-138.
Wilkinson IP, 2020. Lake Sevan: Evolution, biotic variability and ecological degradation, p. 35-63. In: S. Minsche (ed.), Large Asian lakes in a changing world. Springer, Cham.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42254-7_2
World Bank Group, 2021. Armenia. Climate data. Projections. Available from: https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/armenia/climate-data-projections
Edited by
Karsten Rinke, Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Technische Universität Dresden, GermanySupporting Agencies
Estonian Research Council for the Mobilitas Pluss, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Ministry of Environment of the Republic of ArmeniaHow to Cite
Gabrielyan, Bardukh, Alla Khosrovyan, and Martin Schultze. 2022. “A Review of Anthropogenic Stressors on Lake Sevan, Armenia”. Journal of Limnology 81 (s1). https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2022.2061.
Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Similar Articles
- Emanuel Braig, Christoph Mayr, Gerald Kirchner, Andrea Hofmann, Uta Raeder, Arnulf Melzer, Fifty years of eutrophication and lake restoration reflected in sedimentary carbon and nitrogen isotopes of a small, hardwater lake (south Germany) , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 72 No. 2 (2013)
- Marco Pilotti, Giulia Valerio, Luca Gregorini, Luca Milanesi, Charlie A.R. Hogg, Study of tributary inflows in Lake Iseo with a rotating physical model , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 73 No. 1 (2014)
- Fátima T. Jesus, Celso Martins, António J.A. Nogueira, Changes in life-history parameters of Daphnia longispina (Cladocera, Crustacea) as a function of water chemistry , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 73 No. 2 (2014)
- Laura Argus, Tiit Kutser, Birgot Paavel, Martin Ligi, Claudia Giardino, Mariano Bresciani, Tiia Möller, Mapping bathymetry and shallow water benthic habitats in inland and coastal waters with Sentinel-2 , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 82 (2023)
- Alicja Bonk, Wojciech Tylmann, Benjamin Amann, Dirk Enters, Martin Grosjean, Modern limnology and varve-formation processes in Lake Żabińskie, northeastern Poland: comprehensive process studies as a key to understand the sediment record , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 74 No. 2 (2015)
- Diana Vaičiūtė, Mariano Bresciani, Marco Bartoli, Claudia Giardino, Martynas Bučas, Spatial and temporal distribution of coloured dissolved organic matter in a hypertrophic freshwater lagoon , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 74 No. 3 (2015)
- Irina P. Chubarenko, Elena Esiukova, Natalia Stepanova, Boris Chubarenko, Henning Baudler, Down-slope cascading modulated by day/night variations of solar heating , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 72 No. 2 (2013)
- Marco Milardi, Jyrki Lappalainen, Suzanne McGowan, Jan Weckström, Can fish introductions alter nutrient cycles in previously fishless high-latitude lakes? , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 76 No. 1 (2017)
- Michela Rogora, Martina Austoni, Rossana Caroni, Paola Giacomotti, Lyudmila Kamburska, Aldo Marchetto, Rosario Mosello, Arianna Orru', Gabriele Tartari, Claudia Dresti, Temporal changes in nutrients in a deep oligomictic lake: the role of external loads versus climate change , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 80 No. 3 (2021): Celebratory Issue - 80th Anniversary of the Journal of Limnology
- Angela Boggero, Lyudmila Kamburska, Silvia Zaupa, Marzia Ciampittiello, Daniele Paganelli, Marco Cifoni, Michela Rogora, Tiziana Di Lorenzo, Sampling and laboratory protocols to study the effects of water-level management on the littoral invertebrate fauna in deep and large temperate lakes , Journal of Limnology: Vol. 81 No. s2 (2022): Effects of water level management on lake littorals and downstream river areas
<< < 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
List of Cited By :
