https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2021

Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), phytoplankton and picocyanobacteria along a littoral-to-pelagic depth-gradient in a large subalpine lake

Vol. 80 No. 3 (2021): Celebratory Issue - 80th Anniversary of the Journal of Limnology
Submitted: 12 April 2021
Accepted: 15 May 2021
Published: 13 July 2021
TEP horizontal distribution, picocyanobacteria and phytoplankton distribution, Lake Maggiore, littoral-pelagic samples
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Authors

Cristiana Callieri
cristiana.callieri@irsa.cnr.it
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5669-5724
National Research Council, Water Research Institute, Verbania Pallanza, Italy.
J. Salvador Hernández-Avilés
Laboratory of Limnology, UMIEZ, Biology Department, FES Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Ester M. Eckert
National Research Council, Water Research Institute, Verbania Pallanza, Italy.
Michela Rogora
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3515-0220
National Research Council, Water Research Institute, Verbania Pallanza, Italy.
Gabriele Tartari
National Research Council, Water Research Institute, Verbania Pallanza, Italy.
Tommaso Sforzi
National Research Council, Water Research Institute, Verbania Pallanza, Italy.
Raffaella Sabatino
National Research Council, Water Research Institute, Verbania Pallanza, Italy.
Roberto Bertoni
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3849-6470
National Research Council, Water Research Institute, Verbania Pallanza, Italy.

Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) play an important role in the organic carbon cycle of many aquatic systems but the production and distribution of TEP have been studied mainly in the marine environment, neglecting the large oligotrophic lakes. We selected Lake Maggiore, one of the most important freshwater reserve in Northern Italy, to study the horizontal and vertical distribution of TEP and of its possible drivers. Samplings along a transect in the Borromeo basin were performed in May, July and September 2019. Total Organic Carbon (TOC), TEP, chlorophyll-a (Chl) of different algal groups, picocyanobacteria, bacteria and eukaryotes counting, were measured at six stations and five depths. Our study showed that TEP exhibited a clear vertical heterogeneity from surface to the bottom related to the autotrophic microorganisms that are the main source of TEP and are prevalent in the euphotic zone of the lake. On the other hand, TEP was fairly evenly distributed along the horizontal transect from littoral to pelagic zone, although patches were present in spring, when TEP concentrations were low. In contrast to TEP, TOC and to a lesser extent Chl and bacteria showed horizontal heterogeneity, in some months. In Lake Maggiore TEP indeed was an important fraction of Total Organic Carbon (TOC), making up to 54% of TOC (in carbon units: 910 µg C L-1) and it was significantly correlated with Chl. The highest TEP concentration (1.44 mg GX eq L-1) was measured in September 2019, in coincidence with an episode of superficial foam appearance. Considering the biomass as Chl concentrations, the algal group mostly related to TEP was that of brown algae, particularly diatoms; but considering the numbers, the picocyanobacteria and bacteria were more significantly correlated to TEP. The presence of pennate diatoms in May and July, with their TEP-related chlorophyll, did not produce TEP in as high concentration as that observed in September in the presence of centric diatoms and of very high numbers of picocyanobacteria and bacteria.

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How to Cite

Callieri, Cristiana, J. Salvador Hernández-Avilés, Ester M. Eckert, Michela Rogora, Gabriele Tartari, Tommaso Sforzi, Raffaella Sabatino, and Roberto Bertoni. 2021. “Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP), Phytoplankton and Picocyanobacteria Along a Littoral-to-Pelagic Depth-Gradient in a Large Subalpine Lake”. Journal of Limnology 80 (3). https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2021.2021.
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