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Reproduction of Daphnia pulex in a Northern Italy pond

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This paper reports on the occurrence of Daphnia pulex in a small fishless water body of Northern Italy (Bodrio del pastore III) and describes its population dynamics. Bodrio is a typical water body originated by erosion from the old Po river-bed surface. During a three year study (2011-2013), D. pulex population showed an increase in density from spring to early summer, it declined in July-August and did not recover, presumably from ephippia, until the following spring. The seasonal dynamics was related to the species thermal tolerance and to invertebrate predation by Chaoborus that resulted in juvenile high mortality and in adaptive predator-avoidance cyclomorphosis. Seasonal variation was observed in the frequency of individuals, most juveniles, showing neckteeth. D. pulex population reproduces by cyclical parthenogenesis and showed a very early investment in sexual reproduction, independent of population density. Males and ephippial females appeared at the beginning of growth season before the density peak according to a typical feature of Daphnia populations from temporary habitats. This suggests a lower influence of the environmental factors on sex determination compared to populations inhabiting more permanent habitats. Lineages that produce males and ephippial females early in the season had lower growth rate than parthenogenetic ones but may preserve from selection pressure by predators a significant percentage of genetic variation linked to sex allocation so that evolution proceeds toward earlier and increased sexual reproduction. Our results suggest further investigation to verify whether the current population is the last remnant of a once much larger metapopulation eventually reduced by anthropogenic disturbances or if it represents the invasion of North American strains.

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Catia Maurone, Antonio Suppa, Valeria Rossi (2018)
Polymorphisms in predator induced defences of coexisting Daphnia pulex and D. longispina. Hydrobiologia, 823(1), 121.
10.1007/s10750-018-3701-1
Antonio Suppa, Sara Caleffi, Gessica Gorbi, Silvia Marková, Petr Kotlík, Valeria Rossi (2021)
Environmental conditions as proximate cues of predation risk inducing defensive response in Daphnia pulex. Biologia, 76(2), 623.
10.2478/s11756-020-00583-y
Sajid Ali, Samuel Soubeyrand, Pierre Gladieux, Tatiana Giraud, Marc Leconte, Angélique Gautier, Mamadou Mboup, Wanquan Chen, Claude de Vallavieille‐Pope, Jérôme Enjalbert (2016)
cloncase: Estimation of sex frequency and effective population size by clonemate resampling in partially clonal organisms. Molecular Ecology Resources, 16(4), 845.
10.1111/1755-0998.12511
Antonio Suppa, Gessica Gorbi, Silvia Marková, Annamaria Buschini, Valeria Rossi (2021)
Transgenerational effects of methyl farnesoate on Daphnia pulex clones: Male and ephippia production and expression of genes involved in sex determination. Freshwater Biology, 66(2), 374.
10.1111/fwb.13644

How to Cite

Rossi, Valeria, Catia Maurone, Giorgio Benassi, and Ireneo Ferrari. 2014. “Reproduction of Daphnia Pulex in a Northern Italy Pond”. Journal of Limnology 73 (3). https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2014.964.

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